The 100 most popular art museums in the world—who has recovered and who is still struggling?

After two years of lockdowns and uncertainty, private loss and public turmoil, 2022 was the 12 months when most individuals might as soon as once more go and go to their favorite artwork or journey someplace new, with, generally, comparatively few restrictions. The end result was that 141 million visits have been paid to the highest 100 artwork museums in our survey.

Are issues again to regular? Not fairly but. That 141 million is double the quantity we recorded final 12 months, and practically 3 times that of 2020. However there may be nonetheless some solution to go earlier than we regain the excessive watermark of 230 million visits in 2019, the final full 12 months earlier than the pandemic.

And, as our evaluation reveals, the restoration is uneven. China’s zero-Covid technique has meant that its museum-goers needed to negotiate common lockdowns and draconian guidelines. Russian museums have needed to deal with their nation turning into a world pariah following its invasion of Ukraine, and tourism to and from many locations turning into restricted. Customer numbers in each nations have been much like 2021, at greatest.

Elsewhere, some main museums have bounced again strongly—the Musée du Louvre in Paris is planning to limit customer numbers resulting from overcrowding however nonetheless managed to high our ballot with a rare 7.7 million guests in 2022, beating the second-placed Vatican Museums by greater than two and half million. London’s British Museum and Tate Fashionable regain their locations in our high 5, however their recoveries have been extra sluggish than a few of their worldwide rivals, reflecting a gradual bounceback by UK museums as a complete.

Taken collectively, the highest ten accounted for nearly 40 million visits. Now that the pandemic is basically over, folks appear to going again to a lot the identical cities as they did earlier than: Paris and London, Rome and New York. For all of the efforts to get home audiences to go to extra, both nearly or bodily, evidently folks couldn’t wait to journey to see the Mona Lisa, the Parthenon marbles and the Laocoön. These icons nonetheless draw the crowds.

UK not so OK

Elsewhere on this complement we report on the comparatively gradual restoration of London’s main museums. Sadly, that is mirrored throughout the remainder of the UK. The Nationwide Gallery in London has the doubtful distinction of getting misplaced extra guests than another museum we surveyed, with practically 3.3 million fewer guests in 2022 than in 2019, the final 12 months earlier than Covid-19 hit. In proportion phrases, nevertheless, three different UK establishments did worse: Kettle’s Yard in Cambridge was down 57% on its 2019 guests, whereas V&A Dundee and the Wellcome Assortment in London have been each down 55%.

None of those museums was impacted by Covid-related closures in 2022, although Kettle’s Yard, positioned in a former residential constructing, nonetheless had restricted capability. The UK had one of many earliest and quickest roll-outs of Covid vaccines on this planet and prided itself on getting again to regular as quickly as potential—face masks are actually a uncommon sight. So the explanation for the gradual restoration of its museum customer numbers is difficult to pinpoint, particularly for these smaller museums that have been much less reliant on worldwide vacationers. It’s true, nevertheless, that almost all UK museums noticed sturdy year-on-year development in 2022, many tripling their attendance over the lockdown-affected 2021, so maybe subsequent 12 months will see a return to kind.

The place have been the brightest spots within the UK? Principally north of the border. The Burrell Assortment in Glasgow reopened in March 2022 to a lot greater customer figures than beforehand, welcoming a formidable 483,000 guests. (Maybe folks skipped a go to to the town’s Kelvingrove museum, which received half of its 2019 determine.) Edinburgh museums did nicely, too, with the Nationwide Museum of Scotland receiving practically two million guests and the Scottish Nationwide Gallery 1.3 million, each much like pre-pandemic instances.

The UK’s most profitable paid-for exhibition of 2022 was not a blockbuster solo artist present, however Fashioning Masculinities: The Artwork of Menswear on the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A), adopted by reveals at Tate Fashionable (Surrealism Past Borders on 158,843) and the Royal Academy of Arts (Francis Bacon: Man and Beast, 146,694). In the meantime, David Hockney introduced 221,950 free guests to the Fitzwilliam in Cambridge for Hockney’s Eye: The Artwork and Expertise of Depiction—a notable success for the medium-sized college gallery.

America nonetheless dreaming

Of New York’s main museums, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum had the largest proportion drop in guests, at 42% (with 750,000 in 2022 in comparison with 1.3 million in 2019), whereas the Metropolitan Museum of Artwork on Fifth Avenue noticed the largest fall in precise numbers, with 1.7 million fewer guests than in 2019 (a 34% drop). It must be famous that the Met has modified its counting methodology, introducing “a brand new, digital programme that we consider is extra correct”, says a spokesperson, that means a 20% lower to its beforehand reported determine in 2019.

New York was not alone in its gradual restoration, with establishments throughout the nation nonetheless significantly down in comparison with 2019, from the Nationwide Museum of African American Historical past and Tradition in Washington, DC (down by 45%) to Denver Artwork Museum (34%) and the Getty Heart in Los Angeles (31%).

Probably the most visited museum within the US was the Nationwide Gallery of Artwork in Washington, DC, with virtually 3.3 million guests in 2022.

Regardless of there being no widespread lockdowns within the US in 2022, the pandemic’s aftershocks nonetheless affected many museums. A spokesperson for the Nationwide Portrait Gallery (NPG) in Washington, DC (which shares a constructing with the Smithsonian American Artwork Museum (SAAM) and due to this fact has the identical figures), says that it solely returned to its full opening schedule of seven days per week on the finish of Could, having been open for 4 days per week for the primary quarter of the 12 months. Regardless of practically tripling its 2021 determine, with 954,000 guests final 12 months, the NPG and SAAM have been nonetheless down 44% on pre-pandemic ranges.

Equally, the Frist Artwork Museum in Nashville was open seven days per week earlier than the pandemic, which helped it obtain its all-time file attendance of 359,000 in 2019. However since reopening in July 2020, its change to 5 days per week has contributed to a 60% fall.

Nonetheless, a handful of establishments reported figures that surpassed their pre-pandemic ranges. Two of those, the Huntington Library, Artwork Museum and Botanical Gardens in Los Angeles (up by 26%) and the Frederik Meijer Gardens & Sculpture Park in Grand Rapids (up 3%), supplied out of doors experiences as a part of the museum go to. (The Museum of Fashionable Artwork in New York was additionally up 10%, however in 2019 it was closed for 4 months throughout renovations.)

Euro hundreds of thousands?

Round Europe the image was combined. Whereas some huge museums had sluggish recoveries, such because the Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique in Brussels (down 40% in comparison with 2019), the Neues Museum in Berlin (down 36%), the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam (down 35%) and the Museo Archeologico Nazionale in Naples (down 34%), on the entire, guests look like returning to museums.

The autumn in overseas tourism has been a think about many cities—Vienna’s Albertina recognized the drop by 1 / 4 within the variety of vacationers to the Austrian capital as a significant factor in its customer numbers being down 26% in comparison with 2019. Nonetheless, different vacationer honeypots have been virtually again to regular—for instance, Musée d’Orsay in Paris, was inside 10% of its 2019 determine, whereas the Petit Palais was up 14%.

Certainly, there have been some vital jumps in attendance. In Paris, the Fondation Louis Vuitton noticed its figures rise by a 3rd, from simply over 1,000,000 in 2019 to virtually 1.4 million final 12 months, helped by its blockbuster exhibition of the Morozov Assortment, which had a staggering 1.2 million guests. An exhibition about Matisse’s The Purple Studio portray helped the Nationwide Gallery of Denmark in Copenhagen obtain its highest ever attendance, because it welcomed greater than 492,000 guests, whereas the Museum of Advantageous Arts in Budapest noticed a rise of 47% on 2019, helped by a Hieronymus Bosch blockbuster, the second hottest exhibition within the museum’s historical past.

One other approach of boosting attendance is to create more room. The Kunsthaus Zürich opened a brand new extension in October 2021, serving to it double its 2019 tally of holiday makers to greater than 555,000. The Munchmuseet in Oslo, which moved to a brand new constructing in autumn 2021, welcomed virtually 852,000 folks final 12 months, getting “considerably greater customer numbers than the previous museum”, based on a spokesperson.

A number of museums, such because the Centro Botín in Santander and Galleria dell’Accademia in Florence—house to Michelangelo’s David— have reported numbers within the ultimate months of 2022 selecting up and surpassing pre-pandemic ranges, pointing additional in the direction of a wholesome restoration.

Zero to right here we go

China’s zero-Covid technique closely impacted on its museum customer numbers in 2022. And whereas Taiwan dropped its zero-Covid coverage in March 2022, a continuted lack of Chinese language vacationers meant that customer numbers to the Nationwide Palace Museum in Taipei remained low. The overall of 553,000 was simply 33% up on the earlier 12 months, and 86% down on the 2019 whole of just about 4 million.

One Chinese language museum that defied the development was M+. The Hong Kong museum opened in November 2021, earlier than having to close once more from 5 January till 21 April 2022 resulting from Covid restrictions. Regardless of this, it managed to draw greater than two million guests within the the rest of the 12 months, launching itself into our high 20.

Australia and New Zealand had a few of the strictest Covid-19 guidelines, which delayed their reopening in comparison with different components of the world. In Australia, guidelines have been advanced and various by state; the nation didn’t reopen to worldwide travellers till 21 February 2022. Regardless of this, customer numbers continued to recuperate steadily, with many venues regaining round two-thirds of their earlier numbers. The Artwork Gallery of South Australia in Adelaide really did higher than pre-pandemic, with 539,000 guests. In Sydney, the Artwork Gallery of New South Wales noticed a lift to numbers as folks flocked to see its new expanded constructing.

A stand-out in Asia was South Korea. A Frieze artwork honest was held in its capital Seoul for the primary time, boosting customer numbers on the metropolis’s museums. The Nationwide Museum of Korea cemented its excessive place in our record: its 3.4 million guests earned it fifth place. That is across the similar quantity of people that visited earlier than Covid. The 4 outposts of the Nationwide Museum of Fashionable and Modern Artwork additionally did nicely, with its Seoul department receiving 1.8 million visits—400,000 greater than in 2019.

With most lockdowns hopefully behind us, we count on 2023 customer figures to be buoyant. However whereas some museums are settling again into their previous groove, for others it looks like the injury attributable to the pandemic and the political responses to the disaster is likely to be lengthy lasting.

• Venues marked with a dagger (†) point out establishments with multiple museum constructing. We’ve got separated the venues to present a extra correct reflection of footfall. The establishments’ further venues and mixed totals are: Metropolitan Museum of Artwork (Met Cloisters: 196,247; whole for the Met: 3,405,079); NGV Worldwide (Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia: 331,488; whole for Nationwide Gallery of Victoria: 1,911,791); Scottish Nationwide Gallery (Scottish Nationwide Gallery of Fashionable Artwork: 303,678; Scottish Nationwide Portrait Gallery: 222,977; whole for Nationwide Galleries of Scotland: 1,803,855); Reina Sofia (Palacio de Velázquez: 491,086; whole all three websites: 3,063,092); Getty Heart (Getty Villa: 405,883; whole for each: 1,395,185); Smithsonian American Artwork Museum (whole SAAM and Renwick Gallery: 1,149,245); Higher Belvedere (Decrease Belvedere: 279,648; Belvedere 21: 82,279; whole for Galerie Belvedere: 1,241,567). De Younger Museum (Legion of Honor: 360,820; whole for Advantageous Arts Museums of San Francisco: 1,158,264). *The Met revised its 2019 customer quantity to 4,898,474 resulting from a modified counting methodology **We’ve got beforehand reported Reina Sofia venues as a mixed determine, however we now have break up them this 12 months to be according to different venues. ***NPG, Washington, DC, and SAAM share a constructing, therefore report the identical determine. We’ve got due to this fact ranked them equally and counted these guests solely as soon as in our general totals.