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Ethereum Execution Layer Specification | Ethereum Foundation Blog

August 29, 2023
in Ethereum
Reading Time: 7 mins read
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tl;dr

EELS is an execution layer reference implementation in Python.It is updated with mainnet.It fills assessments, and passes current ones.There’s an instance of an EIP applied in EELS under.

Introduction

After greater than a 12 months in growth, we’re happy to publicly introduce the Ethereum Execution Layer Specification (affectionately referred to as EELS.) EELS is a Python reference implementation of the core elements of an Ethereum execution shopper targeted on readability and readability. Meant as a non secular successor to the Yellow Paper that is extra programmer pleasant and up-to-date with post-merge forks, EELS can fill and execute state assessments, comply with mainnet1, and is a good place to prototype new EIPs.

EELS offers full snapshots of the protocol at every fork—together with upcoming ones—making it a lot simpler to comply with than EIPs (which solely suggest modifications) and manufacturing shoppers (which frequently combine a number of forks in the identical codepath.)

Historical past

Starting in 2021, as a mission of ConsenSys’ Quilt staff and the Ethereum Basis, the eth1.0-spec (because it was recognized then) was impressed by the sheer frustration of getting to decipher the cryptic notation of the Yellow Paper (Determine 1) to grasp the particular conduct of an EVM instruction.

Screenshot of formulas 2, 3, and 4 from the Yellow Paper
Determine 1. arcane runes describing the premise of the blockchain paradigm

Drawing on the profitable Consensus Layer Specification, we got down to create an analogous executable specification for the execution layer.

Current

In the present day, EELS is consumable as a standard Python repository and as rendered documentation. It is nonetheless a bit tough across the edges, and would not present a lot in the way in which of annotations or English explanations for what numerous items do, however these will include time.

It is simply Python

Hopefully a side-by-side comparability of the Yellow Paper and the equal code from EELS can present why EELS is a worthwhile complement to it:

Less-than (LT) opcode

Determine 2. Much less-than (LT) EVM instruction from Yellow Paper
def less_than(evm: Evm) –> None:
# STACK
left = pop(evm.stack)
proper = pop(evm.stack)

# GAS
charge_gas(evm, GAS_VERY_LOW)

# OPERATION
consequence = U256(left < proper)

push(evm.stack, consequence)

# PROGRAM COUNTER
evm.laptop += 1
Determine 3. Much less-than (LT) EVM instruction from EELS

Whereas Determine 2 could be digestible to lecturers, Determine 3 is indisputably extra pure to programmers.

Here is a video walk-through of including a easy EVM instruction if that is your sort of factor.

Writing Exams

It bears repeating: EELS is simply common Python. It may be examined like another Python library! Along with the complete ethereum/assessments suite, we even have a choice of pytest assessments.

With just a little assist from execution-spec-tests, any assessments written for EELS may also be utilized to manufacturing shoppers!2

Displaying Variations

Having snapshots at every fork is nice for a wise contract developer popping in to see the specifics of how an EVM instruction works, however is not very useful for shopper builders themselves. For them, EELS can show the variations between forks:

Screenshot of the differences in the apply_fork function between homestead and the DAO fork

Determine 4. one distinction between homestead and the DAO fork

An Instance EIP

EIP-6780 is the primary EIP to get an EELS implementation offered by the writer, Guillaume Ballet! Let’s have a look.

Screenshot of EIP-6780's specification section

Determine 5. EIP-6768’s specification part

First, we introduce a created_contracts variable to the EVM with transaction-level scope:

@dataclass
class Surroundings:
caller: Deal with
block_hashes: Record[Hash32]
origin: Deal with
coinbase: Deal with
quantity: Uint
base_fee_per_gas: Uint
gas_limit: Uint
gas_price: Uint
time: U256
prev_randao: Bytes32
state: State
chain_id: U64
+ created_contracts: Set[Address]

Second, we observe which contracts had been created in every transaction:

+ evm.env.created_contracts.add(contract_address)

Lastly, we modify selfdestruct so it solely works for contracts famous in created_contracts:

– # register account for deletion
– evm.accounts_to_delete.add(originator)
–
+ # Solely proceed if the contract has been created in the identical tx
+ if originator in evm.env.created_contracts:
+
+ # register account for deletion
+ evm.accounts_to_delete.add(originator)
+

Future

We would like EELS to grow to be the default option to specify Core EIPs, the primary place EIP authors go to prototype their proposals, and the very best reference for the way Ethereum works.

When you’re concerned about contributing or prototyping your EIP, be part of us on the #specs channel or seize a difficulty from our repository.

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